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A user has a laptop configured with multiple operating system installations. The operating systems are
all installed on a single SSD, but each has its own partition and logical volume. Which of the following is
the BEST way to ensure confidentiality of individual operating system data?
A. Encryption of each individual partition
B. Encryption of the SSD at the file level
C. FDE of each logical volume on the SSD
D. FDE of the entire SSD as a single disk
Answer: A 
After being notified of an issue with the online shopping cart, where customers are able to arbitrarily
change the price of listed items, a programmer analyzes the following piece of code used by a web
based shopping cart.
SELECT ITEM FROM CART WHERE ITEM=ADDSLASHES($USERINPUT);
The programmer found that every time a user adds an item to the cart, a temporary file is created on
the web server /tmp directory. The temporary file has a name which is generated by concatenating the
content of the $USERINPUT variable and a timestamp in the form of MM-DD-YYYY, (e.g. smartphone-12-
25-2013.tmp) containing the price of the item being purchased. Which of the following is MOST likely
being exploited to manipulate the price of a shopping cart’s items?
A. Input validation
B. SQL injection
C. TOCTOU
D. Session hijacking

Answer: C